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微信小程序订阅消息开发指南(java)

2023-04-03 18:08:08 来源：博客园

微信小程序订阅消息开发指南(java)

第一步准备阶段

1、你得有一个小程序，并且认证了，个人的也行

(资料图)

2、开通订阅消息

小程序后台->功能->订阅消息

3、公共模板库选择一个模板

选择的时候，选择你需要的字段，因为字段有限制

4、我的模板点击详情

详情内容，模板 id 都是需要提供个服务端开发人员的

第二步编码阶段

小程序端

小程序消息订阅，需要用户确认

1、首先小程序授权登陆获取 code

官网示例：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/api/open-api/login/wx.login.html

wx.login({  success (res) {    if (res.code) {      //发起网络请求      wx.request({        url: "https://example.com/onLogin",        data: {          code: res.code        }      })    } else {      console.log("登录失败！" + res.errMsg)    }  }})// 结果 {errMsg: "login:ok", code: "0a3kK4Ga10Gk3F0oBAHa1mGyRl3kK4Gd"}

uni-App 示例：https://uniapp.dcloud.net.cn/api/plugins/login.html#login

uni.login({    provider: "weixin", //使用微信登录    success: function (loginRes) {        console.log(loginRes)    }});// 结果 {errMsg: "login:ok", code: "0a3kK4Ga10Gk3F0oBAHa1mGyRl3kK4Gd"}

2、将 code传给服务端获取用户唯一标识 openId

3、通过代码起小程序消息订阅界面、用户点击确定ok，小程序工作结束

官方示例：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/api/open-api/subscribe-message/wx.requestSubscribeMessage.html

tmplIds填写模板 id 即可，最多三个

wx.requestSubscribeMessage({  tmplIds: [""],  success (res) {      console.log(res)  }})

4、注意事项：

避免重复拉起用户订阅通知，可以通过微信提供的 getSetting判断用户是否订阅了，如果没有就拉起。
注意下面是用uniapp写的，方法前缀是uni如果你小程序代码记得修改 wx以及提示组件
到此小程序工作结束

getSetting() {    uni.getSetting({        withSubscriptions: true, // 获取用户订阅状态        success(res) {            // false 表示用户未订阅改消息            if (!res.subscriptionsSetting.mainSwitch) {                this.subscribeMessage();            } else {                uni.showToast({                    title: "已订阅",                    icon: "none"                })            }        }    })},subscribeMessage() {    uni.requestSubscribeMessage({        tmplIds: ["模板id"],        success(res) {            if (res.errMsg === "requestSubscribeMessage:ok") {                uni.showToast({                    title: "订阅成功",                    icon: "none"                })            }        }    })}

服务端

微信小程序的 appid和 secret小程序后台->开发->开发管理->开发设置->开发者 ID

注意事项：

http请求这里使用 apache 的工具类，你也可以使用别的
微信消息模板字段 thing字段有长度限制20，超过会失败
以下演示代码，生产环境还需进行优化

1、通过 code 获取用户 open id 官网文档

public String getOpenId(String code) throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        params.put("appid", Constants.APPLET_APP_ID);        params.put("secret", Constants.APPLET_SECRET);        params.put("js_code", code);        params.put("grant_type", "authorization_code");        String url = handleParams("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session", params);        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());}public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        HttpUtils httpUtils = new HttpUtils();        String token = httpUtils.getToken();        System.out.println(token);}

响应结果：

{"access_token":"67_u22CQaWq22222222Q4griDE6kiT5hwg7jVxedn8J9te17Az1oWGGxPgB22222229Y4Wm6h_Yzci7-FSDjeH8YG6DsCOYrQXJCWsPXhT6nWbKIWCXfABACID","expires_in":7200}

2、通过 appid和 secret获取 token 超时 7200 秒可 redis 缓存官方文档

public String getToken() throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        params.put("appid", Constants.APPLET_APP_ID);        params.put("secret", Constants.APPLET_SECRET);        params.put("grant_type", "client_credential");        String url = handleParams("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params);        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());}

3、指定用户推送消息结束官方文档

public String pushMsg(String token) throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        // 处理微信推送数据结构        JSONObject mapData = new JSONObject();        Map map1 = new HashMap<>();        map1.put("value", "任务名称");        mapData.put("thing2", map1);        Map map2 = new HashMap<>();        map2.put("value", "2022-04-03 10:00:00");        mapData.put("time3", map2);        Map map3 = new HashMap<>();        map3.put("value", "描述信息");        mapData.put("thing4", map3);        Map map4 = new HashMap<>();        map4.put("value", "备注信息");        mapData.put("thing10", map4);        Map map5 = new HashMap<>();        map5.put("value", "任务来源");        mapData.put("thing11", map5);        params.put("template_id", "templateId");// 模板 id        params.put("touser", "openId"); // open id        params.put("data", mapData); // 数据        params.put("page", "page"); // 点击模板卡片后的跳转页面，仅限本小程序内的页面。支持带参数,（示例index?foo=bar）。该字段不填则模板无跳转        params.put("miniprogram_state", "trial"); //developer为开发版；trial为体验版；formal为正式版；默认为正式版        params.put("lang", "zh_CN"); //        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=" + token);        httpPost.addHeader("ContentTyp", "application/json");        // 参数转 JSON 格式        String json = objToStr(params);        StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());        stringEntity.setContentEncoding(CharSetType.UTF8.getType());        httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());    }

4、完整代码

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;import com.github.chenlijia1111.utils.core.enums.CharSetType;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;import org.jeecg.modules.video.utitls.Constants;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.net.URLEncoder;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Objects;import java.util.Set;import java.util.stream.Collectors;/** * @description: * @author: Mr.Fang * @create: 2023-04-03 17:06 **/public class HttpUtils {    /**     * description: 获取token，返回结果为 JSON 自行转 map     * create by: Mr.Fang     *     * @return: java.lang.String     * @date: 2023/4/3 17:46     */    public String getToken() throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        params.put("appid", Constants.APPLET_APP_ID);        params.put("secret", Constants.APPLET_SECRET);        params.put("grant_type", "client_credential");        String url = handleParams("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params);        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());    }    /**     * description: 获取 open id，返回结果为 JSON 自行转 map     * create by: Mr.Fang     *     * @param: [code]     * @return: java.lang.String     * @date: 2023/4/3 17:46     */    public String getOpenId(String code) throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        params.put("appid", Constants.APPLET_APP_ID);        params.put("secret", Constants.APPLET_SECRET);        params.put("js_code", code);        params.put("grant_type", "authorization_code");        String url = handleParams("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session", params);        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());    }    /**     * description: 消息推送 返回结果为 JSON 自行转 map；token 调用 getToken获取     * create by: Mr.Fang     *     * @param: [token]     * @return: java.lang.String     * @date: 2023/4/3 17:46     */    public String pushMsg(String token) throws IOException {        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();        Map params = new HashMap<>();        // 处理微信推送数据结构        JSONObject mapData = new JSONObject();        Map map1 = new HashMap<>();        map1.put("value", "任务名称");        mapData.put("thing2", map1);        Map map2 = new HashMap<>();        map2.put("value", "2023-04-03 12:00:00");        mapData.put("time3", map2);        Map map3 = new HashMap<>();        map3.put("value", "描述信息");        mapData.put("thing4", map3);        Map map4 = new HashMap<>();        map4.put("value", "备注系信息");        mapData.put("thing10", map4);        Map map5 = new HashMap<>();        map5.put("value", "抖音");        mapData.put("thing11", map5);        params.put("template_id", "templateId");// 模板 id        params.put("touser", "openId"); // open id        params.put("data", mapData); // 数据        params.put("page", "page"); // 点击模板卡片后的跳转页面，仅限本小程序内的页面。支持带参数,（示例index?foo=bar）。该字段不填则模板无跳转        params.put("miniprogram_state", "trial"); //developer为开发版；trial为体验版；formal为正式版；默认为正式版        params.put("lang", "zh_CN"); //        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=" + token);        httpPost.addHeader("ContentTyp", "application/json");        // 参数转 JSON 格式        String json = objToStr(params);        StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());        stringEntity.setContentEncoding(CharSetType.UTF8.getType());        httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); // 响应结果        return EntityUtils.toString(entity, CharSetType.UTF8.getType());    }    /**     * description: 对象转 字符串     * create by: Mr.Fang     *     * @param: [obj]     * @return: java.lang.String     * @date: 2023/4/3 17:45     */    public static String objToStr(Object obj) {        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();        if (Objects.nonNull(obj)) {            try {                String jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);                return jsonStr;            } catch (JsonProcessingException var2) {                var2.printStackTrace();            }        }        return null;    }    /**     * description: map 转 URL 地址拼接     * create by: Mr.Fang     *     * @param: [url, params]     * @return: java.lang.String     * @date: 2023/4/3 17:45     */    public String handleParams(String url, Map params) {        if (params.size() != 0) {            Set> entries = params.entrySet();            String paramsString = entries.stream().map((e) -> {                try {                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();                    sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(e.getKey(), CharSetType.UTF8.getType()));                    sb.append("=");                    if (Objects.nonNull(e.getValue())) {                        sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(e.getValue().toString(), CharSetType.UTF8.getType()));                    }                    return sb.toString();                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException var2) {                    var2.printStackTrace();                    return null;                }            }).collect(Collectors.joining("&"));            return url + "?" + paramsString;        }        return url;    }}

关键词：

微信小程序订阅消息开发指南(java)

微信小程序订阅消息开发指南(java)

第一步 准备阶段

第二步 编码阶段

小程序端

服务端

第一步准备阶段

第二步编码阶段