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Kubernetes监控手册04-监控Kube-Proxy

来源：博客园

简介

首先，请阅读文章《Kubernetes监控手册01-体系介绍》，回顾一下 Kubernetes 架构，Kube-Proxy 是在所有工作负载节点上的。

Kube-Proxy 默认暴露两个端口，10249用于暴露监控指标，在/metrics接口吐出 Prometheus 协议的监控数据：


(资料图片仅供参考)

[root@tt-fc-dev01.nj lib]# curl -s http://localhost:10249/metrics | head -n 10# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total [ALPHA] Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counterapiserver_audit_event_total 0# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total [ALPHA] Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counterapiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summarygo_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0"} 2.5307e-05go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.25"} 2.8884e-05

10256 端口作为健康检查的端口，使用/healthz接口做健康检查，请求之后返回两个时间信息：

[root@tt-fc-dev01.nj lib]# curl -s http://localhost:10256/healthz | jq .{  "lastUpdated": "2022-11-09 13:14:35.621317865 +0800 CST m=+4802354.950616250",  "currentTime": "2022-11-09 13:14:35.621317865 +0800 CST m=+4802354.950616250"}

所以，我们只要从http://localhost:10249/metrics采集监控数据即可。既然是 Prometheus 协议的数据，使用 Categraf 的 input.prometheus 来搞定即可。

Categraf prometheus 插件

配置文件在conf/input.prometheus/prometheus.toml，把 Kube-Proxy 的地址配置进来即可：

interval = 15[[instances]]urls = [     "http://localhost:10249/metrics"]labels = { job="kube-proxy" }

urls 字段配置 endpoint 列表，即所有提供 metrics 数据的接口，我们使用下面的命令做个测试：

[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj categraf]$ ./categraf --test --inputs prometheus | grep kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules2022/11/09 13:30:17 main.go:110: I! runner.binarydir: /home/work/go/src/categraf2022/11/09 13:30:17 main.go:111: I! runner.hostname: tt-fc-dev01.nj2022/11/09 13:30:17 main.go:112: I! runner.fd_limits: (soft=655360, hard=655360)2022/11/09 13:30:17 main.go:113: I! runner.vm_limits: (soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)2022/11/09 13:30:17 config.go:33: I! tracing disabled2022/11/09 13:30:17 provider.go:63: I! use input provider: [local]2022/11/09 13:30:17 agent.go:87: I! agent starting2022/11/09 13:30:17 metrics_agent.go:93: I! input: local.prometheus started2022/11/09 13:30:17 prometheus_scrape.go:14: I! prometheus scraping disabled!2022/11/09 13:30:17 agent.go:98: I! agent started13:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_pending agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_count agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 31978613:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_sum agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 17652.74991190921413:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=+Inf 31978613:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.001 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.002 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.004 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.008 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.016 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.032 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.064 27481513:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.128 31661613:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.256 31952513:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=0.512 31977613:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=1.024 31978413:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=2.048 31978413:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=4.096 31978413:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=8.192 31978413:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds_bucket agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics le=16.384 31978613:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_pending agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_queued_timestamp_seconds agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 1.6668536394083393e+0913:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_iptables_restore_failures_total agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 013:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_total agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 21913913:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 1.6679718066295934e+0913:30:17 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_total agent_hostname=tt-fc-dev01.nj instance=http://localhost:10249/metrics 512372

Kube-Proxy 在 Kubernetes 架构中，负责从 APIServer 同步规则，然后修改 iptables 或 ipvs 配置，同步规则相关的指标就非常关键了，这里我就 grep 了这些指标作为样例。

通过--test看到输出了，就说明正常采集到数据了，你有几个工作负载节点，就分别去修改 Categraf 的配置即可。当然，这样做非常直观，只是略麻烦，如果未来扩容新的 Node 节点，也要去修改 Categraf 的采集配置，把 Kube-Proxy 这个/metrics地址给加上，如果你是用脚本批量跑的，倒是还可以，如果是手工部署就略麻烦。我们可以把 Categraf 采集器做成 Daemonset，这样就不用担心扩容的问题了，Daemonset 会被自动调度到所有 Node 节点。

Categraf 作为 Daemonset 部署

Categraf 作为 Daemonset 运行，首先要创建一个 namespace，然后相关的 ConfigMap、Daemonset 等都归属这个 namespace。只是监控 Kube-Proxy 的话，Categraf 的配置就只需要主配置 config.toml 和 prometheus.toml，下面我们就实操演示一下。

创建 namespace

[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj categraf]$ kubectl create namespace flashcatnamespace/flashcat created[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj categraf]$ kubectl get ns | grep flashcatflashcat                                 Active   29s

创建 ConfigMap

ConfigMap 是用于放置 config.toml 和 prometheus.toml 的内容，我把 yaml 文件也给你准备好了，请保存为 categraf-configmap-v1.yaml

---kind: ConfigMapmetadata:  name: categraf-configapiVersion: v1data:  config.toml: |    [global]    hostname = "$HOSTNAME"    interval = 15    providers = ["local"]    [writer_opt]    batch = 2000    chan_size = 10000    [[writers]]    url = "http://10.206.0.16:19000/prometheus/v1/write"    timeout = 5000    dial_timeout = 2500    max_idle_conns_per_host = 100    ---kind: ConfigMapmetadata:  name: categraf-input-prometheusapiVersion: v1data:  prometheus.toml: |    [[instances]]    urls = ["http://127.0.0.1:10249/metrics"]    labels = { job="kube-proxy" }

上面的10.206.0.16:19000只是举个例子，请改成你自己的 n9e-server 的地址。当然，如果不想把监控数据推给 Nightingale 也OK，写成其他的时序库(支持 remote write 协议的接口)也可以。hostname = "$HOSTNAME"这个配置用了$符号，后面创建 Daemonset 的时候会把 HOSTNAME 这个环境变量注入，让 Categraf 自动拿到。

下面我们把 ConfigMap 创建出来：

[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj yamls]$ kubectl apply -f categraf-configmap-v1.yaml -n flashcatconfigmap/categraf-config createdconfigmap/categraf-input-prometheus created[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj yamls]$ kubectl get configmap -n flashcatNAME                        DATA   AGEcategraf-config             1      19scategraf-input-prometheus   1      19skube-root-ca.crt            1      22m

创建 Daemonset

配置文件准备好了，开始创建 Daemonset，注意把 HOSTNAME 环境变量注入进去，yaml 文件如下，你可以保存为 categraf-daemonset-v1.yaml：

apiVersion: apps/v1kind: DaemonSetmetadata:  labels:    app: categraf-daemonset  name: categraf-daemonsetspec:  selector:    matchLabels:      app: categraf-daemonset  template:    metadata:      labels:        app: categraf-daemonset    spec:      containers:      - env:        - name: TZ          value: Asia/Shanghai        - name: HOSTNAME          valueFrom:            fieldRef:              apiVersion: v1              fieldPath: spec.nodeName        - name: HOSTIP          valueFrom:            fieldRef:              apiVersion: v1              fieldPath: status.hostIP        image: flashcatcloud/categraf:v0.2.18        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent        name: categraf        volumeMounts:        - mountPath: /etc/categraf/conf          name: categraf-config        - mountPath: /etc/categraf/conf/input.prometheus          name: categraf-input-prometheus      hostNetwork: true      restartPolicy: Always      tolerations:      - effect: NoSchedule        operator: Exists      volumes:      - configMap:          name: categraf-config        name: categraf-config      - configMap:          name: categraf-input-prometheus        name: categraf-input-prometheus

apply 一下这个 Daemonset 文件：

[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj yamls]$ kubectl apply -f categraf-daemonset-v1.yaml -n flashcatdaemonset.apps/categraf-daemonset created[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj yamls]$ kubectl get ds -o wide -n flashcatNAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES                           SELECTORcategraf-daemonset   6         6         6       6            6                     2m20s   categraf     flashcatcloud/categraf:v0.2.17   app=categraf-daemonset[work@tt-fc-dev01.nj yamls]$ kubectl get pods -o wide -n flashcatNAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATEScategraf-daemonset-4qlt9   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.0.7    10.206.0.7               categraf-daemonset-s9bk2   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.0.11   10.206.0.11              categraf-daemonset-w77lt   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.16.3   10.206.16.3              categraf-daemonset-xgwf5   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.0.16   10.206.0.16              categraf-daemonset-z9rk5   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.16.8   10.206.16.8              categraf-daemonset-zdp8v   1/1     Running   0          2m10s   10.206.0.17   10.206.0.17

看起来一切正常，我们去 Nightingale 查一下相关监控指标，看看有了没有：

监控指标说明

Kube-Proxy 的指标，孔飞老师之前整理过，我也给挪到这个章节，供大家参考：

# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summarygc时间# HELP go_goroutines Number of goroutines that currently exist.# TYPE go_goroutines gaugegoroutine数量# HELP go_threads Number of OS threads created.# TYPE go_threads gauge线程数量# HELP kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds [ALPHA] In Cluster Network Programming Latency in seconds# TYPE kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds histogramservice或者pod发生变化到kube-proxy规则同步完成时间指标含义较复杂，参照https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-scalability/slos/network_programming_latency.md# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds [ALPHA] SyncProxyRules latency in seconds# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds histogram规则同步耗时# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_pending [ALPHA] Pending proxy rules Endpoint changes# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_pending gaugeendpoint 发生变化后规则同步pending的次数# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy rules Endpoint changes# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_total counterendpoint 发生变化后规则同步的总次数# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_iptables_restore_failures_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy iptables restore failures# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_iptables_restore_failures_total counter本机上 iptables restore 失败的总次数# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_queued_timestamp_seconds [ALPHA] The last time a sync of proxy rules was queued# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_queued_timestamp_seconds gauge最近一次规则同步的请求时间戳，如果比下一个指标 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds 大很多，那说明同步 hung 住了# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds [ALPHA] The last time proxy rules were successfully synced# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds gauge最近一次规则同步的完成时间戳# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_pending [ALPHA] Pending proxy rules Service changes# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_pending gaugeservice变化引起的规则同步pending数量# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy rules Service changes# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_total counterservice变化引起的规则同步总数# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter利用这个指标统计cpu使用率# HELP process_max_fds Maximum number of open file descriptors.# TYPE process_max_fds gauge进程可以打开的最大fd数# HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors.# TYPE process_open_fds gauge进程当前打开的fd数# HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes.# TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge统计内存使用大小# HELP process_start_time_seconds Start time of the process since unix epoch in seconds.# TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge进程启动时间戳# HELP rest_client_request_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Request latency in seconds. Broken down by verb and URL.# TYPE rest_client_request_duration_seconds histogram请求 apiserver 的耗时(按照url和verb统计)# HELP rest_client_requests_total [ALPHA] Number of HTTP requests, partitioned by status code, method, and host.# TYPE rest_client_requests_total counter请求 apiserver 的总数(按照code method host统计)

导入监控大盘

由于上面给出的监控方案是通过 Daemonset，所以各个 Kube-Proxy 的监控数据，是通过 ident 标签来区分的，并非是通过 instance 标签来区分，从 Grafana 官网找到一个分享，地址在这里，改造之后的大盘在这里导入夜莺即可使用。

相关文章

  • Kubernetes监控手册01-体系介绍
  • Kubernetes监控手册02-宿主监控概述
  • Kubernetes监控手册03-宿主监控实操

关于作者

本文作者秦晓辉，快猫星云合伙人，文章内容是快猫技术团队共同沉淀的结晶，作者做了编辑整理，我们会持续输出监控、稳定性保障相关的技术文章，文章可转载，转载请注明出处，尊重技术人员的成果。

关键词： 发生变化 准备好了 完成时间