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全球观察：利用Jackson序列化实现数据脱敏

来源：博客园

作者：京东物流 张晓旭

1.背景

在项目中有些敏感信息不能直接展示，比如客户手机号、身份证、车牌号等信息，展示时均需要进行数据脱敏，防止泄露客户隐私。脱敏即是对数据的部分信息用脱敏符号（*）处理。

2.目标

  • 在服务端返回数据时，利用Jackson序列化完成数据脱敏，达到对敏感信息脱敏展示。
  • 降低重复开发量，提升开发效率
  • 形成统一有效的脱敏规则
  • 可基于重写默认脱敏实现的desensitize方法，实现可扩展、可自定义的个性化业务场景的脱敏需求

3.主要实现

3.1基于Jackson的自定义脱敏序列化实现

StdSerializer：所有标准序列化程序所使用的基类，这个是编写自定义序列化程序所推荐使用的基类。ContextualSerializer：是Jackson 提供的另一个序列化相关的接口，它的作用是通过字段已知的上下文信息定制JsonSerializer。

package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation.Desensitize;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DesensitizationFactory;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;import java.io.IOException;/** * 脱敏序列化器 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:10 */public class ObjectDesensitizeSerializer extends StdSerializer implements ContextualSerializer {    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7868746622368564541L;    private transient Desensitization desensitization;    protected ObjectDesensitizeSerializer() {        super(Object.class);    }    public Desensitization getDesensitization() {        return desensitization;    }    public void setDesensitization(Desensitization desensitization) {        this.desensitization = desensitization;    }    @Override    public JsonSerializer createContextual(SerializerProvider prov, BeanProperty property) {//获取属性注解        Desensitize annotation = property.getAnnotation(Desensitize.class);        return createContextual(annotation.desensitization());    }    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public JsonSerializer createContextual(Class> clazz) {        ObjectDesensitizeSerializer serializer = new ObjectDesensitizeSerializer();        if (clazz != DefaultDesensitization.class) {            serializer.setDesensitization((Desensitization) DesensitizationFactory.getDesensitization(clazz));        }        return serializer;    }    @Override    public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {        Desensitization objectDesensitization = getDesensitization();        if (objectDesensitization != null) {            try {                gen.writeObject(objectDesensitization.desensitize(value));            } catch (Exception e) {                gen.writeObject(value);            }        } else if (value instanceof String) {            gen.writeString(Symbol.getSymbol(((String) value).length(), Symbol.STAR));        } else {            gen.writeObject(value);        }
注：createContextual可以获得字段的类型以及注解。当字段拥有自定义注解时，取出注解中的值创建定制的序列化方式，这样在serialize方法中便可以得到这个值了。createContextual方法只会在第一次序列化字段时调用（因为字段的上下文信息在运行期不会改变），所以无需关心性能问题。

(相关资料图)
3.2定义脱敏接口、以及工厂实现
3.2.1脱敏器接口定义
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;/** * 脱敏器 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 10:56 */public interface Desensitization {    /**     * 脱敏实现     *     * @param target 脱敏对象     * @return 脱敏返回结果     */    T desensitize(T target);}
3.2.2脱敏器工厂实现
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * 工厂方法 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 10:58 */public class DesensitizationFactory {    private DesensitizationFactory() {    }    private static final Map, Desensitization> map = new HashMap<>();    @SuppressWarnings("all")    public static Desensitization getDesensitization(Class clazz) {        if (clazz.isInterface()) {            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("desensitization is interface, what is expected is an implementation class !");        }        return map.computeIfAbsent(clazz, key -> {            try {                return (Desensitization) clazz.newInstance();            } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e.getMessage(), e);            }        });
3.3常用的脱敏器实现
3.3.1默认脱敏实现
可基于默认实现，扩展实现个性化场景
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;/** * 默认脱敏实现 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:01 */public interface DefaultDesensitization extends Desensitization {}
3.3.2手机号脱敏器
实现对手机号中间4位号码脱敏
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;/** * 手机号脱敏器，保留前3位和后4位 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:02 */public class MobileNoDesensitization implements DefaultDesensitization {    /**     * 手机号正则     */    private static final Pattern DEFAULT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(13[0-9]|14[579]|15[0-3,5-9]|16[6]|17[0135678]|18[0-9]|19[89])\\d{8}");    @Override    public String desensitize(String target) {        Matcher matcher = DEFAULT_PATTERN.matcher(target);        while (matcher.find()) {            String group = matcher.group();            target = target.replace(group, group.substring(0, 3) + Symbol.getSymbol(4, Symbol.STAR) + group.substring(7, 11));        }        return target;
3.4注解定义
通过@JacksonAnnotationsInside实现自定义注解，提高易用性
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer.ObjectDesensitizeSerializer;import java.lang.annotation.*;/** * 脱敏注解 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:09 */@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@JacksonAnnotationsInside@JsonSerialize(using = ObjectDesensitizeSerializer.class)@Documentedpublic @interface Desensitize {    /**     * 对象脱敏器实现     */    @SuppressWarnings("all")    Class> desensitization();
3.4.1默认脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;import java.lang.annotation.*;/** * 默认脱敏注解 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:14 */@Target({ElementType.FIELD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@JacksonAnnotationsInside@Desensitize(desensitization = DefaultDesensitization.class)@Documentedpublic @interface DefaultDesensitize {
3.4.2手机号脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.MobileNoDesensitization;import java.lang.annotation.*;/** * 手机号脱敏 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 11:18 */@Target({ElementType.FIELD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@JacksonAnnotationsInside@Desensitize(desensitization = MobileNoDesensitization.class)@Documentedpublic @interface MobileNoDesensitize {}
3.5定义脱敏符号
支持指定脱敏符号，例如* 或是 _
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints;import java.util.stream.Collectors;import java.util.stream.IntStream;/** * 脱敏符号 * * @author zhangxiaoxu15 * @date 2022/2/8 10:53 */public class Symbol {    /**     * "*"脱敏符     */    public static final String STAR = "*";    private Symbol() {}    /**     * 获取符号     *     * @param number 符号个数     * @param symbol 符号     */    public static String getSymbol(int number, String symbol) {        return IntStream.range(0, number).mapToObj(i -> symbol).collect(Collectors.joining());    }
4.使用样例&执行流程剖析
程序类图
**执行流程剖析** 1.调用JsonUtil.toJsonString()开始执行序列化 2.识别属性mobile上的注解@MobileNoDesensitize(上文3.4.2) 3.调用ObjectDesensitizeSerializer#createContextual(上文3.1 & 3.2)，返回JsonSerializer 4.调用手机号脱敏实现MobileNoDesensitization#desensitize(上文3.3.2) 5.输出脱敏后的序列化结果，{"mobile":"133****5678"}
不难发现核心执行流程是第3步，但是@MobileNoDesensitize与ObjectDesensitizeSerializer又是如何联系起来的呢？
  • 尝试梳理下引用链路：@MobileNoDesensitize -> @Desensitize -> @JsonSerialize -> ObjectDesensitizeSerializer
  • 但是，在ObjectDesensitizeSerializer的实现中，我们似乎却没有发现上述链路的直接调用关系
  • 这就不得不说下Jackson元注解的概念
**Jackson元注解**1.提到元注解这个词，大家会想到@Target、@Retention、@Documented、@Inherited2.Jackson也以同样的思路设计了@JacksonAnnotationsInside/** * Meta-annotation (annotations used on other annotations) * used for indicating that instead of using target annotation * (annotation annotated with this annotation), * Jackson should use meta-annotations it has. * This can be useful in creating "combo-annotations" by having * a container annotation, which needs to be annotated with this * annotation as well as all annotations it "contains". *  * @since 2.0 */@Target({ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@JacksonAnnotationpublic @interface JacksonAnnotationsInside{}
正是通过”combo-annotations”(组合注解、捆绑注解)的机制，实现了指示Jackson应该使用其拥有的元注释，而不是使用目标注释，从而实现了自定义脱敏实现设计目标。
5.总结
以上就是利用Jackson序列化实现数据脱敏的全过程，如有此类需求的同学可以借鉴上面的实现方法。
                 

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