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KingbaseES libstdc++.so.6 version 'CXXABI_1.3.8'问题处理

来源：博客园


(资料图片)

ERROR：libstdc++.so.6: version "CXXABI_1.3.8" not found (required by ...)

此文是以 CentOS Linux 7 (AltArch)操作系统为例，编译安装高版本 GCC 编译器的具体过程，此过程也完全适用于其它 Linux 发行版，只是在个别细节上（如使用 yum 还是 apt 或其他软件包管理器），根据实际环境进行调整，修改为自己所用操作系统环境支持的指令。

一 系统信息：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (AltArch)

# gcc版本$ gcc --versiongcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.# g++版本$ g++ --versiong++ (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NOwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

二 问题描述：

KingbaseES数据库软件安装完成。

initdb初始化：error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

$ initdb -EUTF8 -moracle -Usystem -D /home/kingbase/data --enable-ci/home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/kingbase: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directoryno data was returned by command ""/home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/kingbase" -V"initdb: error: The program "kingbase" is needed by initdb but was not found in thesame directory as "/home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/initdb".Check your installation.

三 排查过程：

1. 使用ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表

# cd /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/# 进入bin目录后，使用ldd命令打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表。$ ldd kingbaselinux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffff97c80000)libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffff97c20000)libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffff97b90000)libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffff97980000)librt.so.1 => /usr/lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffff97950000)libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffff97920000)libm.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffff97860000)libicui18n.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicui18n.so.52 (0x0000ffff975f0000)libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffff97410000)libc.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffff97280000)/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffff97c90000)libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x0000ffff97210000)libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x0000ffff97100000)libcom_err.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x0000ffff970d0000)libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x0000ffff97070000)libz.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffff97030000)libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffff96fe0000)libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffff95960000)libstdc++.so.6 => not foundlibkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x0000ffff95930000)libkeyutils.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x0000ffff95910000)libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x0000ffff958d0000)libselinux.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x0000ffff95880000)libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x0000ffff95820000)

2. 使用find命令查找libstdc++.so.6文件

# 如果使用find / -name "libstdc++.so.6"没有查找到文件，使用find / -name "libstdc++*"进行查找。# 如果不存在libstdc++.so.6文件，存在libstdc++*文件。类似libstdc++.so.6.0.19/20/21 此类文件# 使用ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.19/20/21 libstdc++.so.6 新建新符号连接。$ find / -name "libstdc++.so.6"/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6$ find / -name "libstdc++*"/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.19# 然后在使用ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表# 如果ldd打印结果 libstdc++.so.6 => not found # 在当前系统用户环境变量添加 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH# 添加完成后保存退出 source .bash_profile/.bashrc$ ldd kingbase./kingbase: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8" not found (required by /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52)linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffff83ab0000)libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffff83a50000)libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffff839c0000)libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffff837b0000)librt.so.1 => /usr/lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffff83780000)libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffff83750000)libm.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffff83690000)libicuuc.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52 (0x0000ffff83270000)libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffff83240000)libc.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffff830b0000)/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffff83ac0000)libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x0000ffff83040000)libkrb5.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x0000ffff82f30000)libcom_err.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x0000ffff82f00000)libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x0000ffff82ea0000)libz.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffff82e60000)libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x0000ffff82d30000)libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffff82cf0000)libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffff81670000)libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x0000ffff81640000)libkeyutils.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x0000ffff81620000)libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x0000ffff815e0000)libselinux.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x0000ffff81590000)libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x0000ffff81530000)

3. Ldd依然提示libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8" not found (required by ...)

# 使用strings命令查看libstdc++.so.6.0.19库文件CXXABI相关内容# 通过strings命令发现libstdc++.so.6.0.19库文件缺少CXXABI_1.3.8# 至此，问题基本确定。程序是在高版本gcc环境编译的，当前系统环境gcc版本低于程序编译环境版本。$ strings libstdc++.so.6.0.19 | grep "CXXABI"CXXABI_1.3CXXABI_1.3.1CXXABI_1.3.2CXXABI_1.3.3CXXABI_1.3.4CXXABI_1.3.5CXXABI_1.3.6CXXABI_1.3.7CXXABI_TM_1

strings命令是二进制工具集GNU Binutils的一员，用于打印文件中可打印字符串，文件可以是文本文件（test.c），但一般用于打印二进制目标文件、库或可执行文件中的可打印字符。字符串默认至少是4个或更多可打印字符的任意序列，可使用选项改变字符串最小长度。

四 解决方法：

问题原因：CentOs 7默认gcc版本为4.8.5，程序编译环境gcc版本为5.4.0版本。当前系统gcc版本低于程序编译环境gcc版本导致的问题。

$ gcc -vUsing built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=gccCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapperTarget: x86_64-redhat-linuxConfigured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linuxThread model: posixgcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) $ g++ -vUsing built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=g++COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapperTarget: x86_64-redhat-linuxConfigured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linuxThread model: posixgcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)

1. 使用系统提供的开发工具包来管理gcc版本：

优点：可以多版本并存，随时切换，不破坏原有gcc环境。

# 1.安装centos-release-sclyum install centos-release-scl# 2.安装devtoolset。# devtoolset-5-gcc*，安装5.*版本的gcc，devtoolset-[这里输入对应数字就会安装对应的gcc版本{5/6/7/8/9}]-gcc*yum install devtoolset-5-gcc*# 临时启用对应的devtoolset，可以一次安装多个版本的devtoolset，用下面的命令切换到对应的版本# 只对本次会话有效，重启会话后还是会变回原来系统的gcc版本# 安装的devtoolset默认在/opt/rh目录# 每个gcc对应目录下面都有enable文件，需要启用某个版本，只需要执行# source /opt/rh/devtoolset-{5/6/7/8/9}/enablescl enable devtoolset-5 bash# 替换旧的gcc，设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH指向新版本gcc安装目录# https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/7.9.2009/sclo/?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.8147d00anRzFUg# 本次使用阿里云主机，版本对应sclo下无文件。采用手动编译gcc处理。

2 手动下载并编译安装gcc-5.4.0版本

# 在服务器使用wget下载gcc-5.4.0版本gccwget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-5.4.0/gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2# 下载完成后使用tar解压tar jxvf gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2# 使用yum安装gcc编译依赖包yum install gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel# 配置安装gcc，建议除解压目录外单独创建gcc-5.4.0-build目录$ ls -l drwxr-xr-x 38 16446 ftp        4096 Jun  3  2016 gcc-5.4.0drwxr-xr-x 34 root  root       4096 Feb  7 09:38 gcc-5.4.0-build-rw-r--r--  1 root  root   95661481 Jun  3  2016 gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2# 由于gcc编译耗时较久，建议后台运行脚本来进行编译安装# 默认安装目录为/usr/local/也可以使用--prefix选项修改安装目录mkdir gcc-5.4.0-buildcd gcc-5.4.0-build../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilibmake -j$(nproc) && make install# 安装完成后，将新安装目录添加到环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH以使用新安装的gccexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH# gcc是向下兼容，版本不需要完全对应，高版本兼容低版本。# 查看新安装的gcc、g++ $ gcc -vUsing built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=gccCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.4.0/lto-wrapperTarget: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnuConfigured with: ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilibThread model: posixgcc version 5.4.0 (GCC) $ g++ -vUsing built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=g++COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.4.0/lto-wrapperTarget: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnuConfigured with: ../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilibThread model: posixgcc version 5.4.0 (GCC) # 至此，gcc升级成功。

3. 验证问题是否解决：

# ldd打印程序或者库文件所依赖的共享库列表# libstdc++.so.6已经指向正确的gcc$ ldd kingbaselinux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x0000ffffa3040000)libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000ffffa2fd0000)libssl.so.10 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libssl.so.10 (0x0000ffffa2f40000)libcrypto.so.10 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libcrypto.so.10 (0x0000ffffa2d40000)librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2d10000)libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000ffffa2ce0000)libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2c20000)libicui18n.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicui18n.so.52 (0x0000ffffa29b0000)libicuuc.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/libicuuc.so.52 (0x0000ffffa2800000)libuuid.so.1 => /lib64/libuuid.so.1 (0x0000ffffa27d0000)libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2640000)/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 (0x0000ffffa3050000)libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2600000)libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x0000ffffa2460000)libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/local/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x0000ffffa2420000)libicudata.so.52 => /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/KESRealPro/V008R006C007B0012/Server/bin/./../lib/../lib/libicudata.so.52 (0x0000ffffa0da0000)# 再次执行initdb初始化数据库# initdb可以正常初始化$ initdb -Usystem -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ --enable-ciThe files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "kingbase".This user must also own the server process.The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".The default text search configuration will be set to "english".The comparision of strings is case-insensitive.Data page checksums are disabled.fixing permissions on existing directory /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data ... okcreating subdirectories ... okselecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posixselecting default max_connections ... 100selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MBselecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghaicreating configuration files ... okBegin setup encrypt deviceinitializing the encrypt device ... okrunning bootstrap script ... okperforming post-bootstrap initialization ... okcreate security database ... okload security database ... oksyncing data to disk ... okinitdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connectionsYou can change this by editing sys_hba.conf or using the option -A, or--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.Success. You can now start the database server using:    sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ -l logfile start# 启动数据库sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ start$ sys_ctl -D /home/kingbase/KingbaseES/V8/data/ startwaiting for server to start....2023-02-07 09:40:13.519 CST [30002] LOG:  sepapower extension initialized2023-02-07 09:40:13.527 CST [30002] LOG:  starting KingbaseES V008R006C007B0012 on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.1-16kord6) 4.9.1, 64-bit2023-02-07 09:40:13.528 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 543212023-02-07 09:40:13.528 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 543212023-02-07 09:40:13.530 CST [30002] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.KINGBASE.54321"2023-02-07 09:40:13.539 CST [30002] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process2023-02-07 09:40:13.539 CST [30002] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "sys_log". doneserver started# ksql登录数据库[kingbase@iZ2ze4pun4mofkw011ciezZ ~]$ ksql -Usystem -dtestksql (V8.0)Type "help" for help.test=# select version();                                                        version                                                         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ KingbaseES V008R006C007B0012 on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.1-16kord6) 4.9.1, 64-bit(1 row)# 问题解决。

五 编译安装gcc一键脚本 ：

#!/bin/bashecho "Downloading gcc source files..."wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-5.4.0/gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2 echo "extracting files..."tar jxvf gcc-5.4.0.tar.bz2echo "Installing dependencies..."yum -y install gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-develecho "Configure and install..."mkdir gcc-5.4.0-buildcd gcc-5.4.0-build../gcc-5.4.0/configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilibmake -j$(nproc) && make install

关键词： 打印程序 安装目录 操作系统