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医疗知识图谱问答——文本分类解析

来源：博客园


【资料图】

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前言

Neo4j的数据库构建完成后，现在就是要实现医疗知识的解答功能了。因为是初版，这里的问题解答不会涉及深度学习，目前只是一个条件查询的过程。而这个过程包括对问题的关键词拆解分类，然后提取词语和类型去图数据库查询，最后就是根据查询结果和问题类型组装语言完成回答，那么以下就是完成这个过程的全部代码流程了。

环境

这里所需的环境除了前面提到的外，还需要ahocorasick库，用于从问题中提取关键词。另一个是colorama，用于给输出面板文字美化的库。

编码

1. 问答面板

from colorama import init,Fore,Style,Backfrom classifier import Classifierfrom parse import Parsefrom answer import Answerclass ChatRobot:    def __init__(self):        init(autoreset=True)        print("====================================")        print(Back.BLUE+"欢迎进入智慧医疗问答面板！")        print("====================================")    def main(self, question):        print("")        default_answer = "您好，小北知识有限，暂时回答不上来，正在努力迭代中！"        final_classify = Classifier().classify(question)        parse_sql = Parse().main(final_classify)        final_answer = Answer().main(parse_sql)        if not final_answer:            return default_answer        return "\n\n".join(final_answer)if __name__ == "__main__":    robot = ChatRobot()    while 1:        print(" ")        question = input("您问：")        if "关闭" in question:            print("")            print("小北说：", "好的，已经关闭了哦，欢迎您下次提问~")            break;        answer = robot.main(question)        print(Fore.LIGHTRED_EX+"小北答：", Fore.GREEN + answer)

2. 问题归类

import ahocorasickclass Classifier:    def __init__(self):        # print("开始初始化：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))        self.checks_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/checks.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.departments_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/departments.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.diseases_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/diseases.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.drugs_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/drugs.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.foods_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/foods.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.producers_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/producers.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.symptoms_wds = [i.strip() for i in open("dict/symptoms.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if i.strip()]        self.features_wds = set(self.checks_wds+self.departments_wds+self.diseases_wds+self.drugs_wds+self.foods_wds+self.producers_wds+self.symptoms_wds)        self.deny_words = [name.strip() for name in open("dict/deny.txt", encoding="utf-8", mode="r") if name.strip()]        # actree 从输入文本中提取出指定分词表中的词        self.actree = self.build_actree(list(self.features_wds))        # 给每个词创建类型词典（相当慢的操作）        self.wds_dict = self.build_words_dict()        # print("给每个词创建类型词典结束：", time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))        # 问句疑问词        self.symptom_qwds = ["症状", "表征", "现象", "症候", "表现"]        self.cause_qwds = ["原因", "成因", "为什么", "怎么会", "怎样才", "咋样才", "怎样会", "如何会", "为啥", "为何", "如何才会", "怎么才会", "会导致",                           "会造成"]        self.acompany_qwds = ["并发症", "并发", "一起发生", "一并发生", "一起出现", "一并出现", "一同发生", "一同出现", "伴随发生", "伴随", "共现"]        self.food_qwds = ["饮食", "饮用", "吃", "食", "伙食", "膳食", "喝", "菜", "忌口", "补品", "保健品", "食谱", "菜谱", "食用", "食物", "补品"]        self.drug_qwds = ["药", "药品", "用药", "胶囊", "口服液", "炎片"]        self.prevent_qwds = ["预防", "防范", "抵制", "抵御", "防止", "躲避", "逃避", "避开", "免得", "逃开", "避开", "避掉", "躲开", "躲掉", "绕开",                             "怎样才能不", "怎么才能不", "咋样才能不", "咋才能不", "如何才能不",                             "怎样才不", "怎么才不", "咋样才不", "咋才不", "如何才不",                             "怎样才可以不", "怎么才可以不", "咋样才可以不", "咋才可以不", "如何可以不",                             "怎样才可不", "怎么才可不", "咋样才可不", "咋才可不", "如何可不"]        self.lasttime_qwds = ["周期", "多久", "多长时间", "多少时间", "几天", "几年", "多少天", "多少小时", "几个小时", "多少年"]        self.cureway_qwds = ["怎么治疗", "如何医治", "怎么医治", "怎么治", "怎么医", "如何治", "医治方式", "疗法", "咋治", "怎么办", "咋办", "咋治"]        self.cureprob_qwds = ["多大概率能治好", "多大几率能治好", "治好希望大么", "几率", "几成", "比例", "可能性", "能治", "可治", "可以治", "可以医"]        self.easyget_qwds = ["易感人群", "容易感染", "易发人群", "什么人", "哪些人", "感染", "染上", "得上"]        self.check_qwds = ["检查", "检查项目", "查出", "检查", "测出", "试出"]        self.belong_qwds = ["属于什么科", "属于", "什么科", "科室"]        self.cure_qwds = ["治疗什么", "治啥", "治疗啥", "医治啥", "治愈啥", "主治啥", "主治什么", "有什么用", "有何用", "用处", "用途",                          "有什么好处", "有什么益处", "有何益处", "用来", "用来做啥", "用来作甚", "需要", "要"]    """构造actree，加速过滤"""    def build_actree(self, wordlist):        actree = ahocorasick.Automaton()        for index, word in enumerate(wordlist):            actree.add_word(word, (index, word))        actree.make_automaton()        return actree    # 构建特征词属性    def build_words_dict(self):        words_dict = {}        check_words = set(self.checks_wds)        department_words = set(self.departments_wds)        disease_words = set(self.diseases_wds)        drug_words = set(self.drugs_wds)        food_words = set(self.foods_wds)        producer_words = set(self.producers_wds)        symptom_words = set(self.symptoms_wds)        for word in self.features_wds:            words_dict[word] = []            if word in check_words:                words_dict[word].append("check")            if word in department_words:                words_dict[word].append("department")            if word in disease_words:                words_dict[word].append("disease")            if word in drug_words:                words_dict[word].append("drug")            if word in food_words:                words_dict[word].append("food")            if word in producer_words:                words_dict[word].append("producer")            if word in symptom_words:                words_dict[word].append("symptom")        return words_dict    # 根据输入返回问题类型    def classify(self, sent):        # 最终输入给解析器的字典        data = {}        region_words = []        lists = self.actree.iter(sent)        for ii in lists:            cur_word = ii[1][1]            region_words.append(cur_word)        # {"职业黑变病": ["diseases"], "倒睫": ["diseases", "symptom"]}        final_dict = {i_name: self.wds_dict.get(i_name) for i_name in region_words}        data["args"] = final_dict        question_type = "other"        questions_type = []        # ["diseases", "diseases", "symptom"]        type = []        for i_type in final_dict.values():            type += i_type        # 判断type中是否有指定类型, 提出的问题是否包含指定的修饰词，给问题定类型        # 1. 如提问词是否出现状态词语，那就是问某种疾病会出现什么症状        if self.check_word_exist(self.symptom_qwds, sent) and ("disease" in type):            question_type = "disease_symptom"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 根据症状问疾病        if self.check_word_exist(self.symptom_qwds, sent) and ("symptom" in type):            question_type = "symptom_disease"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 原因        if self.check_word_exist(self.cause_qwds, sent) and ("disease" in type):            question_type = "disease_cause"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 并发症        if self.check_word_exist(self.acompany_qwds, sent) and ("disease" in type):            question_type = "disease_acompany"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 推荐食品        if self.check_word_exist(self.food_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            deny_status = self.check_word_exist(self.deny_words, sent)            if deny_status:                question_type = "disease_not_food"            else:                question_type = "disease_do_food"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 已知食物找疾病        if self.check_word_exist(self.food_qwds + self.cure_qwds, sent) and "food" in type:            deny_status = self.check_word_exist(self.deny_words, sent)            if deny_status:                question_type = "food_not_disease"            else:                question_type = "food_do_disease"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 推荐药品        if self.check_word_exist(self.drug_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_drug"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 药品治啥病        if self.check_word_exist(self.cure_qwds, sent) and "drug" in type:            question_type = "drug_disease"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 疾病接受检查项目        if self.check_word_exist(self.check_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_check"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 已知检查项目查相应疾病        if self.check_word_exist(self.check_qwds + self.cure_qwds, sent) and "check" in type:            question_type = "check_disease"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 　症状防御        if self.check_word_exist(self.prevent_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_prevent"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 疾病医疗周期        if self.check_word_exist(self.lasttime_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_lasttime"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 疾病治疗方式        if self.check_word_exist(self.cureway_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_cureway"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 疾病治愈可能性        if self.check_word_exist(self.cureprob_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_cureprob"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 疾病易感染人群        if self.check_word_exist(self.easyget_qwds, sent) and "disease" in type:            question_type = "disease_easyget"            questions_type.append(question_type)        # 若没有查到相关的外部查询信息，那么则将该疾病的描述信息返回        if questions_type == [] and "disease" in type:            questions_type = ["disease_desc"]        # 若没有查到相关的外部查询信息，那么则将该疾病的描述信息返回        if questions_type == [] and "symptom" in type:            questions_type = ["symptom_disease"]        # 将多个分类结果进行合并处理，组装成一个字典        data["question_types"] = questions_type        return data    def check_word_exist(self, word_list, words):        for item in word_list:            if item in words:                return True        return False

3. 类型解析(查询组装)

class Parse:    def main(self, classify):        entity = classify["args"]        questions_type = classify["question_types"]        entity_dict = self.entity_transform(entity)        sqls = []        for question in questions_type:            sql_dict = {}            sql_dict["qustion_type"] = question            sql_dict["sql"] = []            sql = []            if question == "disease_symptom":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "symptom_disease":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("symptom"))            elif question == "disease_cause":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_acompany":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_not_food":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_do_food":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "food_not_disease":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("food"))            elif question == "food_do_disease":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("food"))            elif question == "disease_drug":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "drug_disease":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("drug"))            elif question == "disease_check":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "check_disease":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("check"))            elif question == "disease_prevent":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_lasttime":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_cureway":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_cureprob":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_easyget":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            elif question == "disease_desc":                sql = self.sql_transfer(question, entity_dict.get("disease"))            if sql:                sql_dict["sql"] = sql                sqls.append(sql_dict)        return sqls    def sql_transfer(self, question_type, entities):        # 查询语句        sql = []        # 查询疾病的原因        if question_type == "disease_cause":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.cause".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的防御措施        elif question_type == "disease_prevent":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.prevent".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的持续时间        elif question_type == "disease_lasttime":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.cure_lasttime".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的治愈概率        elif question_type == "disease_cureprob":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.cured_prob".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的治疗方式        elif question_type == "disease_cureway":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.cure_way".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的易发人群        elif question_type == "disease_easyget":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.easy_get".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的相关介绍        elif question_type == "disease_desc":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, m.desc".format(i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病有哪些症状        elif question_type == "disease_symptom":            sql = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:has_symptoms]->(n:Symptoms) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]        # 查询症状会导致哪些疾病        elif question_type == "symptom_disease":            sql = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:has_symptoms]->(n:Symptoms) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]        # 查询疾病的并发症        elif question_type == "disease_acompany":            sql1 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:acompany_with]->(n:Symptoms) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql2 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:acompany_with]->(n:Symptoms) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql = sql1 + sql2        # 查询疾病的忌口        elif question_type == "disease_not_food":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:not_eat]->(n:Foods) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(i)                   for i in entities]        # 查询疾病建议吃的东西        elif question_type == "disease_do_food":            sql1 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:do_eat]->(n:Foods) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(i)                for i in entities]            sql2 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:recomment_eat]->(n:Foods) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql = sql1 + sql2        # 已知忌口查疾病        elif question_type == "food_not_disease":            sql = ["MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:not_eat]->(n:Foods) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(i)                   for i in entities]        # 已知推荐查疾病        elif question_type == "food_do_disease":            sql1 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:do_eat]->(n:Foods) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(i)                for i in entities]            sql2 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:recomment_eat]->(n:Foods) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql = sql1 + sql2        # 查询疾病常用药品－药品别名记得扩充        elif question_type == "disease_drug":            sql1 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:common_drug]->(n:Drugs) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql2 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:recommand_drug]->(n:Drugs) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql = sql1 + sql2        # 已知药品查询能够治疗的疾病        elif question_type == "drug_disease":            sql1 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:common_drug]->(n:Drugs) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql2 = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:recommand_drug]->(n:Drugs) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]            sql = sql1 + sql2        # 查询疾病应该进行的检查        elif question_type == "disease_check":            sql = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:need_check]->(n:Checks) where m.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]        # 已知检查查询疾病        elif question_type == "check_disease":            sql = [                "MATCH (m:Diseases)-[r:need_check]->(n:Checks) where n.name = "{0}" return m.name, r.name, n.name".format(                    i) for i in entities]        return sql    def entity_transform(self, entity):        entity_dict = {}        for args, types in entity.items():            for type in types:                if type in entity_dict:                    entity_dict[type] = [args]                else:                    entity_dict[type] = []                    entity_dict[type].append(args)        return entity_dict

4. 数据查询(回答组装)

from py2neo import Graph, Nodeclass Answer:    def __init__(self):        self.neo4j = Graph("bolt://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "beiqiaosu123456"))        self.num_limit = 20    def main(self, question_parse):        answers_final = []        for item in question_parse:            question_type = item["qustion_type"]            sqls = item["sql"]            answer = []            for sql in sqls:                data = self.neo4j.run(sql)                answer+=data.data()            final_answer = self.answer_prettify(question_type, answer)            if final_answer:                answers_final.append(final_answer)        return answers_final    """根据对应的qustion_type，调用相应的回复模板"""    def answer_prettify(self, question_type, answers):        final_answer = []        if not answers:            return ""        if question_type == "disease_symptom":            desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}的症状包括：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "symptom_disease":            desc = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["n.name"]            final_answer = "症状{0}可能染上的疾病有：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_cause":            desc = [i["m.cause"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}可能的成因有：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_prevent":            desc = [i["m.prevent"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}的预防措施包括：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_lasttime":            desc = [i["m.cure_lasttime"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}治疗可能持续的周期为：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_cureway":            desc = [";".join(i["m.cure_way"]) for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}可以尝试如下治疗：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_cureprob":            desc = [i["m.cured_prob"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}治愈的概率为（仅供参考）：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_easyget":            desc = [i["m.easy_get"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}的易感人群包括：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_desc":            desc = [i["m.desc"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0},熟悉一下：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_acompany":            desc1 = [i["n.name"] for i in answers]            desc2 = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            desc = [i for i in desc1 + desc2 if i != subject]            final_answer = "{0}的症状包括：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_not_food":            desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}忌食的食物包括有：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_do_food":            do_desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers if i["r.name"] == "可以吃"]            recommand_desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers if i["r.name"] == "推荐吃"]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}宜食的食物包括有：{1}\n推荐食谱包括有：{2}".format(subject, ";".join(list(set(do_desc))[:self.num_limit]),                                                                 ";".join(list(set(recommand_desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "food_not_disease":            desc = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["n.name"]            final_answer = "患有{0}的人最好不要吃{1}".format("；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]), subject)        elif question_type == "food_do_disease":            desc = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["n.name"]            final_answer = "患有{0}的人建议多试试{1}".format("；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]), subject)        elif question_type == "disease_drug":            desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}通常的使用的药品包括：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "drug_disease":            desc = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["n.name"]            final_answer = "{0}主治的疾病有{1},可以试试".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "disease_check":            desc = [i["n.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["m.name"]            final_answer = "{0}通常可以通过以下方式检查出来：{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        elif question_type == "check_disease":            desc = [i["m.name"] for i in answers]            subject = answers[0]["n.name"]            final_answer = "通常可以通过{0}检查出来的疾病有{1}".format(subject, "；".join(list(set(desc))[:self.num_limit]))        return final_answer

写在最后

以上就是这个医疗知识问答机器人的全部代码了，从上面的问答里也能看出，回答得还是很生硬。因为这就只是一个程序化得思维导图，所以修改完善空间还是很大，这个就要后期用深度学习得方式对分类解析部分进行改动。

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